washington. for msnbc's special coverage of the official swearing-in ceremony for president obama's second term, i'm chuck todd. you're looking at life pictures of the white house where in just minutes president obama will take the oath of office far third time. more on that in a minute. but it's also all business today. no speeches, no music, no crowds, no fanfare. that's all for tomorrow. today it's just the obamas, the chief justice, and the oath, because under the 20th amendment to the constitution the president must be sworn in by noon on january 20th no matter day of the week. congress made that change in 1932 amid the great depression so that future presidents wouldn't be hampered by a four-month lag between getting elected and getting sworn in.

that's what franklin roosevelt faced in 1933, waiting until march to take office. since then, two other presidents have taken the oath privately on a sunday before festivities on a monday -- dwight eisenhower, 1957, and most recently ronald reagan in 1985. he took the oath indoors on both days because of some frigid weather that hit washington that year. but even before the 20th amendment changed, the time line of presidential terms, several other presidents were sworn in on sundays including woodrow wilson, rutherford hayes, james monroe, zachary taylor. tomorrow the pomp and circumstance takes place in front of hundreds of thousands of people on the national mall. and in that ceremony, president obama will take the office for a fourth time cementing his place in presidential trivia as only the second president in history to take the oath four times. back in 2009, chief justice roberts kind of jumbled up the

oath a bit during president obama's first inauguration, causing the president to recruit the oath out of order. so they did a do-over the next day. and now because of this year's rare sunday situation, president obama will end up taking it four times total. franklin roosevelt is the only other president to take the oath that many times, first in 1933, the last inauguration to take place in march, again in 1937 for his second term, once more in 1941 for that unprecedented third term and in 1945 at the height of world war ii in a simple ceremony at the white house. vice president biden has already been sworn in for his second term. supreme court justice sonia sotomayor gave the oath this morning at the observatory. justice sotomayor is the fourth woman to swear in a president or vice president. the president and vice president then this morning laid a wreath at the tomb of the unknowns at arlingt arlington national cemetery. the first family also went to

church this morning, metropolitan african methodist episcopal church, and yes, they'll be again tomorrow for the traditional service at st. john's episcopal, just across the street from the white house. well, we're just a couple minutes away now from the president and the chief justice entering the blue room. joining me for this coverage, a great panel we have. msnbc political analyst former dnc xhuns cases director karen finney. presidential historian and author doris kearns goodwin. that's why i had all that fdr stuff in there. republican congressman todd cole of oklahoma and jonathan martin, senior political reporter for politico and co-author of "the end of the line." a huge historical buff, maybe after me here. first, lye to the white house, my colleague, partner in crime, kristen welker. kristen, is it a festive occasion right now there? we see a lot of hustle and bustle. what's been going on there this morning? >> a lot of hustle and bustle.

it is definitely festive. there's not going to be a whole lot of pomp and circumstance today, though, chuck, in that actual ceremony. but this is going to be a ceremony steeped in symbolism to some extent. we understand president obama will be sworn in using the bible of his wife's family. this is first lady michelle obama's grandmother's bible, and we understand it was a present from her father to her mother back in 1958 on mother's day. a little bit of symbolism there. as you said, the president will take the oath of office, which will be administered by chief justice john roberts. it will be quick lasting about two minutes. we don't expect any remark from the president but we expect the first family after to have a private reception with family and friends to mark and celebrate this occasion. chuck? >> do we know who's been invited, who's there today at the white house? >> reporter: well, we do know that there will be some extended friends and family there. of course they have come in from out of town. of course the first lady's brother is here.

>> right. >> reporter: her mother of course will be there as well watching this service. so i think that there is a lot of anticipation. i was speaking to valerie jarrett a little earlier on today, one of his top advisers, and she said there's a lot of excitement and the first family feels as though they can enjoy this inauguration a little more than the first one. >> kristen, i'm going to cut you off there. you're looking live at the blue room. nobody is in there quite yet. well, there's the chief justice. they said they'd be right on time, right at 11:55. you'll see the president, first lady, and we heard, it's going to be the first lady's family bible. we will let you listen in and i will shut up. >> please raise your right hand and repeat after me. i barack hussein obama do solemnly swear that i will faithly execute. >> that i will faithfully execute. >> the office of president of the united states. >> the office of president of the united states.

>> and will to the best of my ability. >> and will to the best of my ability. >> preserve, protect, and defend. >> preserve, protect, and defend. >> the constitution of the united states. >> the constitution of the united states. >> so help you god? >> so help me god. >> congratulations, mr. president. >> thank you, mr. chief justice. thank you so much. thank you, sweetie. [ applause ] hey! thank you. >> so happy. yay. >> i did it. >> all right. thank you, everybody. come on. >> as you see there short and sweet. i have to say the first family there, three of the four appropriately dressed in the blue room in blue, karen finney. how about that. >> yes. well, you know. she likes -- >> yeah, she's got to go her own way. karen, you pointed out the chief justice was reading this time. >> from his notes. >> we don't want a fifth time. >> i was going to say the intro you were pretty sure there were only going to be four. let's wait till we get through

it. >> we have a few minutes here, and with all four of you here today with me today, an umbrella a little bit of what we think we're going to hear from the president tomorrow, the second-term agenda. that's why i'm glad to have the congressman here and the legacy watch which i know is a topic of conversation for all four of us. doris, second inaugurals, this morning on "meet the press," only been 16 presidents have gotten to do this twice, believe it or not. i want to play a little bit -- there always is a tone difference between the first and the second. and this is not just with president obama. it's with a lot of presidents. here's a bit from president obama from his first inaugural. >> there are some who question the scale of our ambitions, who suggest that our system cannot tolerate too many big plans. their memories are short. for they have forgot whan this country has already done, what the cynics fail to understand is that the ground has shifted

beneath them, that the stale political arguments that have consumed us for so long no longer apply. >> well, it's that last sentence. we were all reading it before handle and everybody giggled here. bipartisan giggling between tom and karen. the stale political arguments, somebody's eating that stale bread. second inaugurals. what do you expect? >> well, i think what he has to show is energy and aspiration and desire to really do big things despite the stale political arguments still being stale political arguments. because otherwise second inaugurals are like second weddings. you have to have an oomph to them. i think he's got to continue what happened during the campaign. in the campaign he made a very strong case which won the election for a government that dealt with the problems that we're facing, for a government that dealt with the problems the middle class is facing, for a government that was activist that would invest in the future and would deal at some point with the spending as well. but unless he makes that point in the inauguration, he has to

defend government champion as a safety net protector. it's what he stood for, and that's what he's got to do. he's got to get out among the people more this time, use that bully pulpit. and this is his first moment to really show that i'm going to be fighting still, despite everything. >> i want to bring in jonathan martin and feel he's in our jump seat here. jonathan, four years ago he was immediately thrown into a crisis. and all of the aspirations he would have had -- and you can look back and he still was able to get to health care, still able to do some of these things, but his agenda was determined for him piptd's possible that he has an opportunity to determine his own agenda maybe for at least nies next year -- this next year or two. >> -- the scale of the great depression, but march of '33 as doris can tell you is probably the best comparison to what the president faced when he took the ho oath in january of 2009 in terms of the immediacy of the

financial crisis that he was confronting. it's a bit different this time obviously because he does not have that overwhelming need to sort of address unemployment like he had back then. but i do, though, think, chuck, that in some ways his hand is forced. we've got to have a debate in the mos ahead about sequestration. there's automatic cuts that are taking place. >> you did it. sequestration. washington word. >> okay. well, the automatic cuts that are going to take place in federal spending. there you go. >> well done. >> and also the question of the debt ceiling, which, you know, apparently is going tok extended. but, chuck, as long as those things are looming on the horizon, this president cannot fully pursue his own agenda. he's got to sort of address the immediate spending, the immediate fiscal issues that are facing the country right now. >> tom cole, this is obviously going to be the first showdown, this issue of spending and the debt and how it gets solved will

determine what else could get done. i think with that probably there would be universal agreement. what do you want to hear from him tomorrow as a republican, as a -- i mean, what do you think is the right message for him? >> well, i think he needs to honestly transcend what he's done thus far. look, he's a very significant person in american history already not just because he's the first african-american. he's got some big wins -- health care, stimulus, dodd/frank. but all of those things have been done essentially with nothing but democratic support. you're not going to have that the second term. he comes in actually as a second term president with a lower popular vote than he had the first time, fewer electoral votes and weaker politically quite frankly because he came in with overwhelming democratic majority. for a second term to be successful he'll have to work with republicans. here i would recommend -- look back at bill clinton whose biggest accomplishments -- we talk about welfare reform. most democrats didn't vote for it. balancing the budget, most democrats didn't vote for that either. he worked with republican

majorities to get that done. i hope there's discussion about that tomorrow. >> karen, we know the president will address -- inaugurals are a time you call for unity. >> right. >> but it's not going to be naive, i was told, meaning -- >> second time around. >> there's going to be some reality to it. >> sure. >> look, we'll have heated political debates but let's try and solve the big problem. >> that was part of the message the first time. this time i think he has a clearer idea about how to do that because obviously the first time as you were saying you come and have all these big hopes and aspirations, then you get beat up a little and have a clearer sense. i want to shift to another piece of the president's agenda. this president is also the president in a very unique point in history in terms of the cultural and demographic changes in this country, part of mi whooi immigration reform will be at the top of his agenda, the voting issues we've seen many the last couple elections, we know that's moving to the top of the agenda. a lot of work will be done on that by the attorney general. the economy very important but

when we talk about gun safety issues, we've focused on newtown but not so much -- he has inner cities. there are other issues he has to focus on. >> i hear you. we asked an open-ended question in our poll. what's the message you want to send president? doris, one, create jobs. that was the most popular message to send. two, fix the economy. three, stop spending. four, compromise. five, great job. but those first two, that's 20%, 1 in 5, something to do with the economy, an economy that's not better as far as people are concerned. >> and it's not just that we've only recovered slowly from the financial recession. it's that the economy structurally is a problem and has been for several decades. the middle class is not doing what it used to be able to do. you can't be sure your kid will do better than you did. that's going to involve investments. the complication is it will be investments in the future, in education, in opportunity, maybe investments in keeping manufacturing here. but then the spending problem on

the other side. how do you manipulate that balance between republicans who are going to be concerned about spending and democrats or the country that wants investments in the future. that's going to be -- >> he's going to need more tom qoms, jonathan, right? among house republicans. >> not a lot of tom coles in the house. not a lot in the house right now. look, i think this gets back to what i was saying earlier about how, yes, he's got a bit more running room than he had january of '09 but not that much more. there are two issues here, chuck, the fiscal and financial issues, the debt ceiling, the automatic cuts, i won't say the "s" word, automatic cuts set to go into effect here. he's got to confront those issues, and how is that going to impact gun control, immigration, is stuff he wants to pursue but he wants to really go after in 2013? he's not going to have the capital to do that until he gets a solution, some kind of a deal

on these big fiscal issues hanging over the congress. that's going to be the real story of the first six months of his second term is what do we do on the fiscal issues, can he get some kind of a grand bargain. are there enough tom coles in the congress. that's very much an open topic. >> who does he negotiate with? you know, it's been -- and, you know, i know that people have given the president all sorts of advice. you should work around the leadership. no, no, no. you need to spend more time with the leadership. wi lbj and dirksen got drunk every night. maybe not every night. >> you never know. >> that's not going to be mitch mcconnell and barack obama. but i'm much more of a bourbon kind of a guy. but who does he negotiate with? i saw with mitch mcconnell doing robo -- he's worried about his own re-election. >> sure. >> that's not easy. if you the guy you think can do the best negotiating with has to worry about re-election. >> i don't think the president has much reach into the

republican conference in the house or the senate. most of us won in place where is he didn't win. the idea he's going to mobilize public pressure against you and hurt you, i mean, the best thing could happen would be for the president to come in and campaign personally against me in my district politically. >> that's good for you but not good for the republican party. >> no, it's not, and i'm not advocating that. although if the president wants to come, great. but, you know, the reality is he doesn't have that kind of power. so i would argue he's going to have to do some things that he's uncomfortable with doing. look, this is a guy who appointed a deficit reduction committee and then didn't support any of its recommendations. this is a guy who didn't vote to raise the debt ceiling when george bush was president but is asking us to do that and in a way that's pretty provocative. he wants to do for him what he wouldn't do for a previous republican president. now, i think we're willing to work with him, but we hear a lot of rhetoric about spending cuts. the president needs to put in

things like change consumer price index, means testing. again, bill clinton is probably his best guide in this. >> i know you wanted to jump in, karen, but let me sneak a break in. we'll go more into the second-term agenda. >> we'll talk about what's ahead. talk more specifically on the president's second-term agenda and some things that popped up in the first term that he never thought was going to happen. think arab spring. first, look at the rest of today's schedule for the president and vice president. they're both speaking at a candlelight reception tonight at the national building museum.

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please raise your right hand. i barack hussein obama do solemnly swear. >> i barack hussein obama do solemnly swear. >> that i will faithfully execu execute. >> that i will faithfully execute. >> the office of president of the united states. >> the office of president of the united states. >> and will to the best of my ability. >> and will to the best of my ability. >> preserve, protect, and defend. >> preserve, protect, and defend. >> the constitution of the united states. >> the constitution of the united states. >> so help you god? >> so help me god. >> congratulations, mr. president. >> thank you, mr. chief justice. thank you so much. >> that was president obama sworn in just a few minutes ago in the white house blue room. he's officially started his second term. he used a bible that his late father-in-law gave to his mother-in-law. of course she is the first grandmother and lives in the white house. chief justice roberts administered the oath. the swearing in was today because of the 20th amendment requiring it to happen by noon on january 20th no matter what day of the week it is.

it will be repeated publicly tomorrow because tradition dictates the full inaugural not take place on a sunday. karen finney, doris kearns goodw goodwin, tom cole and jonathan martin. we were talking about the second-term agenda. we asked biggest accomplishments, biggest failures in our last poll. one and two were bringing the troops home from iraq and two was bin laden. on the biggest failures, one was not righting the economy and two was spending. probably predictable answers there. the thing with blood spattin la are a lot of things you anticipate in your agenda, then things that come up like the arab spring that you can't. >> absolutely. that's part of the lesson you learn in a first term that you've campaigned on a set of ideas, think you've got these policies ready to go, then something happens that you could not have foreseen and you put some things off to the side. i think -- and certainly something like getting bin laden, that was something the president talked about wanting

to do but nobody knew if that was going to be possible. so that was obviously an important accomplishment. now with the arab spring, i mean, what happens in that -- >> we still have the fallout. >> in lots of places. >> algeria -- >> exactly. >> mali, libya, all related to the single most consequential decision he made as president of the united states -- pushing out mubarak. >> right. >> nobody is still sure to do day whether that was the right call. doris? >> it shows you that the world is out there and that a president doesn't control -- as powerful as he is when he takes that oath today, what happens around the world is something he can't control. think about who would have imagined in 1937 that fdr would have a third and fourth term because world war ii would break out in europe. he knew things were happening with hitler, was nervous about that, but you could never have predicted that. that doesn't mean you don't keep moving forward domestically. i've said this before. eleanor roosevelt said you can't strengthen democracy abroad

without strengthening it at home and can't let that world outside sort of thin your ambitions at home. >> starting in the clinton administration, certainly in the first term that was part of what you were learning how to do, right, is deal with the crises of the day, yes, there are plenty, but continue to move an agenda for it. again, by the second term you have a much better sense of how to do that. >> go ahead, tom. >> politically, though, these things as important as they are frankly don't move domestic politics. i think of george herbert walker bush, who was enormously successful in not just the gulf war but in handling his arab spring, the unraveling of the soviet empire and doing it peacefully in europe. amazing achievement. didn't even get him re-elected. i would be worried as a political consultant can if my top two accomplishments were foreign policy were my top two for domestic. >> jonathan, six weeks ago when we talked about the second term agenda we would have talked about immigration, talked about the economy, spending, budget

defic deficits, never would have mentioned guns. a reminder how quickly something gets forced onto the agenda whether you like it or not. >> because events drive the presidency. presidents don't drive events. look, i think we can look into our crystal ball today and talk about immigration reform or gun control or perhaps some kind of a fiscal grand bargain, but there are, as donald rumsfeld famously put it, the unknown unknowns out there that will shape the next four years. we don't have to go too far back into history for comparison. george w. bush takes the oath in 2001, his priorities were tax cut and education reform. that was dominating the agenda and the summer of the shark, all the shark attacks in the summer of '01. >> gary condit. >> and gary condit. the world changes and bush's presidency certainly changed on 9/11. >> his biggest speech before that was on stem cell research. >> yep. >> that was his first --

>> biggest month, that's right. august. >> stick around. we'll talk about the obama legacy. he's a two-term president. that's already a big deal, puts you in a pantheon of presidential history. let's go out to the national mall. hundreds of thousands of people will be gathering tomorrow for the swearing in. luke russert is there now. luke -- well, there we go. >> reporter: are we back here? >> there he is. luke russert. i hear you now. >> reporter: how you doing, sir? >> all right. >> reporter: how are things? >> have you seen a ton of tourists out here? >> there's ton of tourists, but thankfully the weather is not that bad. it's nice and sunny here. i'm going to show you what we've got. the capitol behind me. we will have an intense security presence here tomorrow so, if you're going to come use metro, 6,000 national guard troops are expected as well as 6,000 d.c. cops as well as officers from around the country. let's look at the preparations and what they're putting forward so if you do come to the inauguration you won't be in too

much pain. over there a whole row of por a port-a-johns, more than last time and easier to access them. and then if you look all around here, the way in which the security is being done is very shall we say fragmented so you've got your holding pen here in front of me, the media down there further down the mall towards the washington monument. the whole idea is they want the 500,000 to 700,000 people that come this time around to be able to move around more freely, have access to food trucks and bathrooms, be able to walk around, get different vantage points. we don't expect the 1.8 million we had last time so this is supposed to be the fun way to see a presidential inauguration, chuck. >> i know there will be a lot of big-screen tvs, lots of entertainers doing little snippets to entertain the crowd as they try to stay warm. >> reporter: indeed. >> luke russert, stay warm yourself. we'll be right back. [ male announcer ] how do you measure happiness?

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we ask things of government that government was not equipped to give. we yielded authority to the national government. >> as times change, so government must change. we need a new government for a new century. >> my most solemn duty is to protect this nation and its people from further attacks and emerging threats. some have unwisely chosen to test america's resolve and have found it firm. >> a reminder second-term inaugurals always do sound like the message that won them their re-election. in all three of those cases you can hear their re-election message at the time, and i have a feeling you will hear a little bit of that tomorrow. karen finney, doris kearns goodwin, congressman tom cole and jonathan martin. the second-term curse, i threw

it out, karen. both tom and doris -- does anybody have a good second term? you both screamed, "monroe! two historians. >> i would argue fdr too. >> other than fdr. >> no, no, no. very important. we talk about court packing but he mobilized the country before pearl harbor for world war ii. he gave aid to england. he got a peace-time draft, much more important than the court-packing failure. ronald reagan, he gets negotiations with the soviet union, he gets the tax reform act, more important perhaps than the iran contra scandal. we love the curse thing, but there's the opportunity thing. >> and there is this sense will we know in the next six months how the budget deal goes on the president's legacy? >> yeah. >> the success is it all in the second term? >> a very important precondition for the second term. we three enormous triggering events, dare i say it -- sequester, cr and -- >> he went cr, too.

budgeting. >> those things. and the president has got an opportunity here, if he can find some common ground with the republicans on the spending front, then i think some of these other things become possible. if he doesn't, then it's going to consume, i think, most of the second term. and, look, we have to get the budget under some sort of real control. i don't think he really showed a lot of interest in that in the fist term. there's an argument to say the first term was consumed with recovery. ei get that. but he's got to go someplace the democrats don't want to go if he's going to be a great president. >> yonjonathan, the republicans have to figure out who they are and what they are and what they want. for the first time they have a strategy. i thought we were joking about it but this idea of what they decided to do with debt ceiling, tying it to passing a budget, that was first piece of smart politics i've seen post election out of the house republicans. >> yeah. look, they're having their own identity crisis, obviously. there are these two factions in

the house among the gop, the sort of center right or traditional conservatives, then the more tea party flavored conservative. and obviously on every bill that we've seen since the election, be it the fiscal cliff, be it a package for hurricane sandy, we've seen that divide. they're facing their own identity crisis. i think the story of this past week, i think this president's second term will be telling in terms of who democrats want to be. do they want to be a party that's a center-left party close to wall street or more populist party, the party of rahm emanuel and the dlc or the party of sharon brown and elizabeth warren? president obama has papered over that for the last four years. we're talking about entitlements, medicare, those kinds of things now. it's going to be hard to paper over that. they have to decide who they are, too. are they a party that wants to raise the eligibility age for medicare or not? that's going to be a real tell in the second term. >> legacy watch.

at this point, his legacy the defined by what? how does he avoid it being defined by the partisan battles of washington? >> part of the problem with the legacy watch is we're looking at it now but we don't know the legacy for about another five, ten years when we look back. >> or 100. >> think about -- >> still figuring out millard fillmore. he did strengthen the vice presidency. >> i think challenge this president has is, you know, again, obviously the budget, let's not forget, though, i have to get this in, $2.4 trillion in cults already signed by this president, budget control act. obviously that's got to get under control. at the same time he's got to make those investments in the future because we have real challenges coming down the pike. i think this president is very concerned about them. immigration reform is important. making investments in innovation. that is important to make sure we stay competitive. those things are important and on his mind. afghanistan has the potential to be a real drain on this

presidency. >> sure. >> because of the connection to algeria and the rest of that part of the world. >> doris, i want you to almost have the last word here other than when i say good-bye, because you do this for a living. you know, where is he going to end up placing right now if this is all he got done zm. >> the fact he won again was critical for any placement in history because if obama care would have been repealed his signature achievement would have been gone. he has supreme court nominations to possibly come forward. wall street reform will go forward. it will depend a lot on -- i think he's going to have to mobilize the democrats. if i weren't giving him advice, he tried with you guys, tried having you over, he's got the unify the party and have them over every day, every night, you know, do whatever he can to get them together. >> african-american president. >> that's a huge accomplishment for this country. >> thank you all. this was the perfect panel. karen finney, tom cole, doris kearns goodwin, jonathan martin, great to spend your sunday with me. that wraps up our coverage of

the president's official swearing-in. "weekends with alex witt" is up next. see you all day tomorrow. msnbc will have coverage of the president's ceremony yal second inauguration all day tomorrow. don't miss it. i've always had to keep my eye on her... inauguration all day tomorrow. don't miss it. about health care... i tuned it all out. with unitedhealthcare, i get information that matters... my individual health profile. not random statistics. they even reward me for addressing my health risks. so i'm doing fine... but she's still going to give me a heart attack. we're more than 78,000 people looking out for more than 70 million americans. that's health in numbers. unitedhealthcare. when you lost the thing you can't believe you lost.. when what you just bought, just broke. or when you have a little trouble

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